There are many causes of hair loss. Hereditary issues are the one most people think of and are the most common. But there are many other reasons for people loosing hair.
First of all, everyone looses hair. The question is how much. Normally, unless you are experiencing excessive hair loss, it works like this. Each hair goes through a 2-3 year growth period. On average, it'll grow about 1 centimeter per month. About 90% of the hair on your head is growing at any one time. After the growth period it goes into a resting period. After about 3-4 months of resting, it will fall out. Then new hair grows in its place.
Besides heredity, hair can fall out due to diet, illness, childbirth, medication, hair treatments or hairstyles . With some causes of hair loss, the hair will regrow later by itself. With others, treatment by a dermatologist can help the hair to regrow. For other causes where there is no treatment, research is being conducted with the hope of a cure in the future. Talking to a dermatologist is the best way to find out if there is a possibility that you hair loss can be treated.
Heredity
Heredity is the cause of male pattern badness and female pattern baldness. Environmental factors do not appear to affect this type of baldness. The trait can come from either your father's or your mother's side. We used to think that it was inherited from your maternal grandfather. That is not the case. For men, there is a 4 in 7 chance of inheriting the baldness gene. By age 20, about 25% of men will begin balding. By age 60, about 2/3 will be balding. Altogether, about 80 million men and women in the United States have some degree of hereditary hair loss.
This is the most common cause of hair loss. Women will develop thin hair on the top of their head. It doesn't usually completely fall out, but it can. Men develop a receding hair line and may also get a bald spot on the top. This type or hair loss can start as early as the teenage years. The hair becomes thinner and thinner until it looks like "peach fuzz" or falls out altogether. With each cycle of growth and rest, the hair is more superficially rooted and then falls out more easily.
There is no cure, but it can be treated with medications like Minoxodil, todo a lotion applied to the scalp twice a day, or Finasteride, todo an oral medication (prescription) which blocks the formation of the active male hormone in hair follicles. Finasteride is use by men only. In addition to medications, male pattern baldness can be treated with hair restoration procedures like transplants, scalp reduction, scalp expansion or scalp flaps. todo
Pattern baldness (androgenetic alopecia). In male- and female-pattern baldness, the time of growth shortens, and the hairs are not as thick or sturdy. With each growth cycle, the hairs become rooted more superficially and more easily fall out. Heredity likely plays a key role. A history of androgenetic alopecia on either side of your family increases your risk of balding. Heredity also affects the age at which you begin to lose hair and the developmental speed, pattern and extent of your baldness.
Also known as androgenetic alopecia, this is the most common cause of hair loss, and can be inherited from either the mother's or father's side of the family. Women with this trait develop thinning hair, but do not become completely bald. Hereditary hair loss can start in one's teens, twenties, or thirties. While there is no cure, medical treatments are available that may help some people, including:
Minoxodil, a lotion applied to the scalp twice a day, which can be used by men and women
Finasteride, an oral prescription medication used by men only which blocks the formation of the active male hormone in the hair follicle
(Move some of the above to Products.)
Incidence of pattern baldness varies from population to population based on genetic background, environmental factors do not seem to affect this type of baldness greatly. One large scale study in Maryborough , Victoria , Australia showed the prevalence of mid-frontal hair loss increases with age and affects 73.5% of men and 57% of woman aged 80 and over. According to Medem Medical Library's website, male pattern baldness affects roughly 40 million men in the United States . Approximately 25 percent of men begin balding by age 20; two-thirds begin balding by age 60. There is a 4 in 7 chance of getting the baldness gene.
Male pattern is characterized by hair receding from the lateral sides of the forehead, known as "receding hairline". Receding hairlines are usually seen in males above the ages of 20 but can be seen as early as late teens as well.
An additional bald patch may develop on top (vertex). The trigger for this type of baldness (called androgenetic alopecia) is DHT, a powerful sex hormone, body, and facial hair growth promoter that can adversely affect the prostate as well as the hair located on the head. [1]
The mechanism by which DHT accomplishes this is not yet fully understood. In genetically-prone scalps, DHT initiates a process of follicular miniaturization. Through the process of follicular miniaturization, hair shaft width is progressively decreased until scalp hair resembles fragile vellus hair or "peach fuzz" or else becomes non-existent. Onset of hair loss sometimes begins as early as end of puberty, and is mostly genetically determined. Male pattern baldness is classified on the Hamilton-Norwood scale I-VII.
It was previously believed that baldness was inherited from the maternal grandfather. While there is some basis for this belief, both parents contribute to their offspring's likelihood of hair loss. Most likely, inheritance is technically "autosomal dominant with mixed penetrance" [citation needed] (see 'baldness folklore' below)
Hereditary thinning or baldness . Also called androgenetic alopecia, this is the most common cause of hair loss. When men have hereditary hair loss, a receding hairline is common as well as hair loss on top of the scalp. Women, on the other hand, tend to keep their hairline and have visible thinning over the front and top of the scalp. Very rarely, a man will experience the female pattern of hereditary hair loss and a woman will show signs of male-pattern hair loss. The reasons for this are unknown. About 80 million men and women in the United States have hair loss due to hereditary thinning or baldness.
Illness or major surgery sudden blood loss
about 3 or 4 months after an illness or a major surgery, you may suddenly lose a large amount of hair. This hair loss is related to the stress of the illness and is temporary.
Alopecia areata. This is classified as an autoimmune disease, but the cause is unknown. People who develop alopecia areata are generally in good health. A few people may have other autoimmune disorders, including thyroid disease. Some scientists believe that some people are genetically predisposed to develop alopecia areata and that a trigger, such as a virus or something else in the environment, sets off the condition. A family history of alopecia areata makes you more likely to develop it. With alopecia areata, your hair generally grows back, but you may lose and regrow your hair a number of times.
High Fever, Severe Infection, Severe Flu
Major Surgery/Chronic Illness
Thyroid Disease
Physical stress . Significant hair loss can occur after a major surgery, high fever, severe infection, or even the flu.
Underlying Diseases
Hair loss may occur as part of an underlying disease, such as lupus or diabetes. Since hair loss may be an early sign of a disease, it is important to find the cause so that it can be treated.
Disease. Diabetes and lupus can cause hair loss.
Alopecia areata . This autoimmune disease causes hair loss on the scalp and elsewhere on the body. It develops in people of all ages and causes hair to fall out in patches.
Underlying medical condition . A warning sign for about 30 diseases, hair loss often can be stopped or reversed with treatment for the underlying disease. Two common underlying medical conditions that can cause hair loss are thyroid disease and anemia caused by an iron deficiency.
Hypothyroidism can cause hair loss, typically frontal, and is particularly associated with thinning of the outer third of the eyebrows (syphilis also can cause loss of the outer third of the eyebrows)
Hyperthyroidism can also cause hair loss, which is parietal rather than frontal
Tumor of the ovary or adrenal glands
Disease
Cicatricial (Scarring) Alopecia
This rare disorder can cause patchy hair loss and associated itching and/or pain. Inflammation around the hair follicle causes damage, scarring, and permanent hair loss in the affected area. The cause or trigger of cicatricial alopecia is unknown. Treatment focuses on stopping the spread of inflammation.
Cicatricial (scarring) alopecia . Developing in otherwise healthy men and women, cicatricial alopecia is a rare condition that destroys a person’s hair follicles. Scar tissue forms where the follicles once were and re-growth is not possible. Treatment attempts to stop the inflammation that destroys the hair follicles.
Emotional of Physical Shock or stress
Telogen effluvium. This type of hair loss is usually due to a change in your normal hair cycle. It may occur when some type of shock to your system — emotional or physical — causes hair roots to be pushed prematurely into the resting state. The affected growing hairs from these hair roots fall out. In a month or two, the hair follicles become active again and new hair starts to grow. Telogen effluvium may follow emotional distress, such as a death in the family or a physiological stress, such as a high fever, sudden or excessive weight loss, extreme diets, nutritional deficiencies, surgery, or metabolic disturbances. Hair typically grows back once the condition that caused it corrects itself, but it usually take months.
Hormonal Changes
Hormonal problems may cause hair loss. If your thyroid gland is overactive or underactive, your hair may fall out. This hair loss usually can be helped by treatment thyroid disease. Hair loss may occur if male or female hormones, known as androgens and estrogens, are out of balance. Correcting the hormone imbalance may stop your hair loss.
Hormonal changes. Hormonal changes and imbalances can cause temporary hair loss. This could be due to pregnancy, childbirth, discontinuation of birth control pills, the onset of menopause, or an overactive or underactive thyroid gland. The hair loss may be delayed by three months following a hormonal change, and it'll take another three months for new hair to grow back. During pregnancy, it's normal to have thicker, more luxuriant hair. It's also common to lose more hair than normal about three months after delivery. If a hormonal imbalance is associated with an overproduction of testosterone, there may be a thinning of hair over the crown of the scalp. Correcting hormonal imbalances may stop hair loss.
Medications
Some medicines can cause hair loss. This type of hair loss improves when you stop taking the medicine. Medicines that can cause hair loss include blood thinners (also called anticoagulants), medicines used for gout, high blood pressure or heart problems, vitamin A (if too much is taken), birth control pills and antidepressants.
Medications. Certain drugs used to treat gout, arthritis, depression, heart problems and high blood pressure may cause hair loss in some people. Taking birth control pills also may result in hair loss for some women.
Birth Control Pills
Prescription medications that can cause hair loss include:
Blood thinners
High-dose vitamin A
Medicines that treat arthritis, depression, gout, heart problems, and high blood pressure
Birth control pills. Some women taking or discontinuing birth control pills experience hair loss. This usually occurs in women with an inherited tendency toward hair thinning.
A number of medications, including retinoids, birth control pills, beta-blockers, certain antidepressants, NSAIDs (including iburpofen) and calcium channel blockers
Infections
Certain infections can cause hair loss. Fungal infections of the scalp can cause hair loss in children. The infection is easily treated with antifungal medicines.
Scalp infection. Infections, such as ringworm, can invade the hair and skin of your scalp, leading to hair loss. Once infections are treated, hair generally grows back. Ringworm, a fungal infection, can usually be treated with a topical or oral antifungal medication.
Ringworm of the scalp . Without effective treatment, this contagious fungal infection, which is most common in children, can cause balding and scaling on the scalp.
Tinea Capitis (Scalp Ringworm)
Caused by a fungal infection, tinea capitis is characterized by patches of scaling that can spread and result in broken hair, redness, swelling, and even oozing on the scalp. This contagious disease is most common in children, and oral medication will cure it.
Hairstyles
If you wear pigtails or cornrows or use tight hair rollers, the pull on your hair can cause a type of hair loss called traction alopecia (say: al-oh-pee-sha). If the pulling is stopped before scarring of the scalp develops, your hair will grow back normally. However, scarring can cause permanent hair loss. Hot oil hair treatments or chemicals used in permanents (also called "perms") may cause inflammation (swelling) of the hair follicle, which can result in scarring and hair loss.
Traction alopecia. Excessive hairstyling or hairstyles that pull your hair too tightly cause traction alopecia. If the pulling is stopped before there's scarring of your scalp and permanent damage to the root, hair usually grows back normally.
Hairpins, clips, and rubber bands . When used to hold hair tightly, hairpins, clips, and rubber bands can break hair. When selecting hairpins, dermatologists recommend choosing one with a smooth, ball-tipped surface. Hair clips should have spongy rubber padding where they make contact with the hair. To minimize hair breakage, use loosely fitting clips and wear them in different areas of the scalp so that hair breakage is not localized in a specific area. Rather than using rubber bands for ponytails, try fabric scrunchies, which loosely hold the hair.
Certain hairstyles . Years of wearing hair in a style that pulls on the hair such as a ponytail, cornrows, or braids can cause a type of hair loss known as traction alopecia.
Inflamation
Cicatricial (scarring) alopecia. This type of permanent hair loss occurs when inflammation damages and scars the hair follicle. This prevents new hair from growing. This condition can be seen in several skin conditions, including lupus erythematosus or lichen planus. It's not known what triggers or causes this inflammation.
Hair Treatments
Hair treatments. Chemicals used for dying, tinting, bleaching, straightening or permanent waves can cause hair to become damaged and break off if they are overused or used incorrectly. Overstyling and excessive brushing also can cause hair to fall out if the hair shaft becomes damaged.
Many men and women use chemical treatments on their hair, including dyes, tints, bleaches, straighteners, and permanent waves. These treatments rarely damage hair if they are done correctly. However, the hair can become weak and break if any of these chemicals are used too often. If hair becomes brittle from chemical treatments, it is best to stop until the hair grows out.
Hair cosmetics . Frequent bleaching or permanents can cause the hair to break. Regular or improper use of dyes, gels, relaxers, and sprays also can cause hair breakage. Dermatologists recommend limiting use of these hair cosmetics to reduce hair breakage.
Blow dryers, flat irons, and similar devices . Frequent use of a blow dryer tends to damage hair. The high heat from a blow dryer can boil the water in the hair shaft leaving the hair brittle and prone to breakage. Allowing the hair to air dry and styling it only when dry will lessen this risk. Dermatologists also recommend limiting the use of flat irons, which straighten hair by using high heat, and other devices such as curling irons.
Too much or vigorous grooming . Too much shampooing, combing, or brushing (100 strokes or more a day) or doing any of these too vigorously can cause hair breakage. When hair breakage occurs, the hair appears shaggy or too thin. Dermatologists also caution against vigorously rubbing wet hair with a towel to dry it or combing wet hair. These also can cause hair breakage because wet hair is more elastic and more vulnerable to breakage than dry hair.
Excessive shampooing and blow-drying
Hair Pulling
Trichotillomania (hair-pulling disorder). Trichotillomania is a type of mental illness in which people have an irresistible urge to pull out their hair, whether it's from the scalp, their eyebrows or other areas of the body. Hair pulling from the scalp often leaves them with patchy bald spots on the head, which they may go to great lengths to disguise. Causes of trichotillomania are still being researched, and no specific cause has yet been found.
Trichotillomania (Hair Pulling)
Children, and sometimes adults, will twist or pull their hair, brows, or lashes until they come out. Oftentimes this is just a bad habit that gets better when the harmful effects of that habit are explained. Sometimes hair pulling can be a coping response to unpleasant stresses and occasionally is a sign of a serious psychological problem.
Trichotillomania . This impulse control disorder causes people to repeatedly pull out their own hair. Aside from a constant urge to pull out the hair on the scalp, sufferers often say they feel compelled to pull out their eyelashes, nose hairs, eyebrows, and other hairs on their bodies.
Trichotillomania is the loss of hair caused by compulsive pulling and bending of the hairs. It tends to occur more in children than in adults. In this condition the hairs are not absent from the scalp but are broken. Where they break near the scalp they cause typical, short, "exclamation mark" hairs.
Irritation (sun, even)
Poor Nutrition
too many processed foods, too much fat, sugar and salt, excess alcohol – an adjustment there can make a big difference
Poor nutrition. Having inadequate protein or iron in your diet or poor nourishment in other ways can cause you to experience hair loss. Fad diets, crash diets and certain illnesses, such as eating disorders, can cause poor nutrition.
Inadequate Protein in Diet
Low Serum Iron
Two common underlying medical conditions that can cause hair loss are thyroid disease and anemia caused by an iron deficiency.
Weight loss . Even people losing weight in a physician-monitored program can experience some hair loss 3 to 6 months after losing more than 15 pounds. This hair loss is common, and hair growth does return to normal.
Vitamin A excess . Getting too much vitamin A through vitamin supplements or medications can lead to hair loss. Once the body no longer has an excess of vitamin A, normal hair growth resumes.
Protein intake too low . When the body does not get enough protein, it conserves the protein it does get by shifting hair growth into the resting phase. Within 2 to 3 months, the person usually sees visible hair loss. This can be reversed and prevented by eating enough protein. Meats, eggs, and fish are good sources. Vegetarians can increase their protein intake by adding nuts, seeds, and beans to their diet.
Iron intake too low . Consuming too little iron can lead to hair loss. Good vegetarian sources of iron are iron-fortified cereals, soybeans, pumpkin seeds, white beans, lentils, and spinach. Clams, oysters, and organ meats top the list of good animal sources of iron.
Eating disorder . An eating disorder such as anorexia or bulimia can lead to hair loss.
Crash diets, especially those that do not contain enough protein
Hair Loss and Nutrition
Did you know that there is direct connection between nutrition and hair loss? Well, it’s not only your body but hair too that looses its power when there is low nutrition levels in your body. Not only does a healthy body have a healthy mind, it also has healthy hair. Hair loss can be remedied if proper nutrition is added to your diet. Though there are umpteen reasons for hair loss, lack of nutrition is one of the reasons that can be easily remedied. For that you need to follow a healthy and regular diet along with vitamin and mineral supplements.
Causes for hair loss
Hair loss or alopecia is a common problem among people all around the world. Some of the main causes for hair loss are it can be genetic, dandruff, severe health issues like cancer, tumor, depression, bulimia, anorexia and even diabetes. Low insulin level in the body can cause hair loss or thinning. That is why diabetic people look years older than they actually are. Hair loss takes place due to hormonal disturbance also. Lack of iron in the body causes hair loss. This is known as anemia. This is a form of iron deficiency, caused by a reduction in red blood cells. A thick crop of hair can make anybody look and feel younger. Lack of nutrition causes hair loss and that is what is being discussed here.
Nutrition and supplements
Some of the important vitamins are vitamin B especially B6, biotin, inositol and folic acid; and the minerals like magnesium, sulfur and zinc that helps in hair growth. When this nutrition is not present in your body or is at a low level that causes hair loss. If these are taken as supplements as well as added to your diet then you can cure hair loss with nutrition in a holistic way. If your internal physiological environment is supportive of hair growth, you can be assured that you’ve a healthy body. Hair growth is a sure sign of good health. But if balding is genetic then you cannot help it.
We are what we eat
Food affects our body in a major way and what we eat makes a lot of difference to our internal organs. Adding nutrition diet in our daily routine should keep all sicknesses at bay and also help to avoid hair loss. If your body has good circulation of blood then hair loss can be prevented. Have a diet that is rich in iron, vitamin B and magnesium. Eat greens like spinach in your meal at least once a week. Also eat lettuce, fresh salads, carrot / beet juice (this is rich in iron) tomato juice and fruits like apples and bananas. All these help to maintain good nutrition levels that prevent hair loss.
Besides nutrition also tend to your hair with care. Keep it covered with a scarf while traveling as pollution and dust can affect it. Also wash your hair regularly. Egg is a good conditioner for hair. Gently massage your scalp once a week to improve blood circulation. With a shining mane you are sure to be the envy of one and all.
Medical Treatments (chemo)
Medical treatments. Undergoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy may cause you to develop alopecia. Under these conditions, healthy, growing (anagen) hairs can be affected. After your treatment ends, your hair typically begins to regrow.
Some cancer treatments . Radiation therapy and some chemotherapeutic medications cause hair loss. While hair loss is usually temporary, it can be the most traumatic part of therapy.
Traumas such as chemotherapy, childbirth, major surgery, poisoning, and severe stress may cause a hair loss condition known as telogen effluvium. [2] Hair follicles in the growing phase are affected by chemotherapy while this treatment targets dividing cancer cells. Therefore, almost 90% of hairs fall out soon after chemotherapy starts. [3] Repeat in other sections as appropriate)
Radiation to the scalp, as happens when radiotherapy is applied to the head for the treatment of certain cancers there, can cause baldness of the irradiated areas.
Auto Immune Condition
Alopecia Areata
The cause of alopecia areata is unknown, but it is thought to be an autoimmune condition (the body makes antibodies to its own hair) that may affect children or adults of any age. The affected persons are generally in excellent health. This type of hair loss usually causes totally smooth, round patches about the size of a coin or larger. Although rare, it can result in complete loss of scalp and body hair. In most cases the hair regrows; however, dermatologists treat many people with this condition in order to make hair regrow faster.
Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disorder also known as "spot baldness" that can result in hair loss ranging from just one location (Alopecia areata monolocularis) to every hair on the entire body (Alopecia areata universalis).
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